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My trip to Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA.

Lipid synthesis, stem cells, CRISPR, cell differentiation, coffee, faculty life in Puerto Rico, softball, ion channels, PhD in Europe, ball room dancing, buying a house in seattle, Epilepsy, larval Drosophila brain dissection – that’s an eclectic mix of topics to talk about for one day and this is not even an exhaustive list! These topics pretty much sum up my first day here at Woods Hole, where I am a part of the Neurobiology summer course at MBL with 13 other students from different parts of the US and Europe. I am housed at the Ebert hall with another student from the same course. The view from our room is gorgeous!

View from my room overlooking the Eel Pond

We started the day with an orientation/welcome brunch at the swope center. I was pleasantly surprised with the variety of food and taste. For cafeteria food, it was really good. There was everything from cereal, to yogurt parfait, to your-style-eggs and toast, waffles, fruits and vegetables, juice and coffee. There was even ice cream at 9 am! Despite the scorching heat, after the orientation my roommate and I went exploring this quaint nautical town with several beautiful small beaches.

DNA Man

I also just had to try the coffee at the local cafe.

Ok, not an image of coffee. But this was an unusual yet appropriate sign at the cafe

We had to get back to our ‘base’ because of the heat but we got some rest before the course’s first meeting in the afternoon. This session was interesting and we jumped right into a lecture about ion channels and Graeme Davis, one of the directors of the course, outlined some of the questions we are going to work on in the following week. After the lecture, we headed to the lab where I met the larval drosophila for the first time. I have dissected testes from adult flies before, but today we learnt to dissect brain from 3rd instar larvae. The larvae were expressing GFP in their motorneurons which let us take a quick look under fluorescence to see if we destroyed the brain completely or managed to successfully practice isolating the tissue for FACS sorting tomorrow.

GFP expressing motor neurons in Drosophila larvae. I did not do this btw.

The day ended with passionate discussions about science interspersed with pizza and beer!

2014-06-07 New articles we read this week

Genome Editing

  1. Gagnon JA, Valen E, Thyme SB, Huang P, Ahkmetova L, Pauli A, Montague TG, Zimmerman S, Richter C, Schier AF. Efficient Mutagenesis by Cas9 Protein-Mediated Oligonucleotide Insertion and Large-Scale Assessment of Single-Guide RNAs. PLoS One. 2014 May 29;9(5):e98186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098186. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24873830.
  2. Hsu PD, Lander ES, Zhang F. Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering. Cell. 2014 Jun 5;157(6):1262-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010. Review. PubMed PMID: 24906146.
  3. Torres R, Martin MC, Garcia A, Cigudosa JC, Ramirez JC, Rodriguez-Perales S. Engineering human tumour-associated chromosomal translocations with the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Commun. 2014 Jun 3;5:3964. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4964. PubMed PMID: 24888982.
  4. Yu C, Zhang Y, Yao S, Wei Y. A PCR Based Protocol for Detecting Indel Mutations Induced by TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 in Zebrafish. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 5;9(6):e98282. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098282. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24901507.

Sequencing

  1. Wilson MR, Naccache SN, Samayoa E, Biagtan M, Bashir H, Yu G, Salamat SM, Somasekar S, Federman S, Miller S, Sokolic R, Garabedian E, Candotti F, Buckley RH, Reed KD, Meyer TL, Seroogy CM, Galloway R, Henderson SL, Gern JE, DeRisi JL, Chiu CY. Actionable Diagnosis of Neuroleptospirosis by Next-Generation Sequencing. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 4896819.
  2. Gilissen C, Hehir-Kwa JY, Thung DT, van de Vorst M, van Bon BW, Willemsen MH, Kwint M, Janssen IM, Hoischen A, Schenck A, Leach R, Klein R, Tearle R, Bo T, Pfundt R, Yntema HG, de Vries BB, Kleefstra T, Brunner HG, Vissers LE, Veltman JA. Genome sequencing identifies major causes of severe intellectual disability. Nature. 2014 Jun 4. doi: 10.1038/nature13394. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24896178.

Stem cells

  1. Dunn SJ, Martello G, Yordanov B, Emmott S, Smith AG. Defining an essential transcription factor program for naïve pluripotency. Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1156-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1248882. PubMed PMID: 24904165.

2014 The Twelfth Annual USA Biology Olympiad National Finals

Fai and Prahatha led a Development and Disease Research Lab section in the 12th USA Biology Olympiad Finals at Purdue University and shared our lab research on eye drug discovery using the zebrafish model. The students also learned essential basic skills for zebrafish research.


photoalbum by USA Biology Olympiad.

LGBTQ+ Pride Flag (Rainbow Flag) History

Here is a brief history of the LGBTQ+ pride flag.  http://www.sanfrancisco.travel/media/a-brief-history-of-the-rainbow-flag.html

For more information about Harvey Milk, watch the movie “Milk” released in 2008 staring Sean Penn.  Many people do not know that during WWII the Nazi’s labeled concentration camp prisoners with a variety of labels (You can see the “code” here: http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_da.php?ModuleId=10005378&MediaId=5037).  Gay men were assigned an upside down pink triangle for being “homosexuals”.  Gay women were assigned a black upside triangle for being “antisocial” (or basically deviating from social norms).  For many years – including now – many people have reclaimed the upside down pink triangle as a symbol for LGBTQ+ populations.  However, since it does have a violent history, Harvey Milk asked his friend Gilbert Baker to make a symbol that was more inclusive of the community and without this history.  He created a rainbow flag that originally had 8 colours on it.  The colors that have been removed are pink (which stood for sexuality) and indigo (which stood for harmony) for reasons explained in the article.  The current LGBTQ+ pride flag has 6 colours.

The colours stand for:

Red – life
Orange – healing
Yellow – sun
Green – nature
Blue – art
Purple – spirit

New Information about Health, Weight, and Food.

Using Anthropology, Biology, and Physics to Decrease Infant Mortality

Here is an excellent article about the progress that can be made when disciplines work together.

http://ideas.ted.com/2013/12/18/mother-knows-best-re-making-the-embrace-baby-warmer-for-moms/

2014-05-25 new articles we read this week

Gene regulatory network

  1. Barsi JC, Tu Q, Davidson E. General approach for in vivo recovery of cell type specific effector gene sets. Genome Res. 2014 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24604781.

Medicine

  1. Project to Improve Poor Children’s Intellect Led to Better Health, Data Show
  2. Begley CG, Ellis LM. Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research. Nature. 2012 Mar 28;483(7391):531-3. doi: 10.1038/483531a. PubMed PMID: 22460880.

Neuroscience

  1. Portugues R, Feierstein CE, Engert F, Orger MB. Whole-brain activity maps reveal stereotyped, distributed networks for visuomotor behavior. Neuron. 2014 Mar 19;81(6):1328-43. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.019. PubMed PMID: 24656252.
  2. Lancaster MA, Renner M, Martin CA, Wenzel D, Bicknell LS, Hurles ME, Homfray T, Penninger JM, Jackson AP, Knoblich JA. Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature. 2013 Sep 19;501(7467):373-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12517. Epub 2013 Aug 28. PubMed PMID: 23995685; PubMed Central
    PMCID: PMC3817409.

    • Brüstle O. Developmental neuroscience: Miniature human brains. Nature. 2013
      Sep 19;501(7467):319-20. doi: 10.1038/nature12552. Epub 2013 Aug 28. PubMed PMID: 23995687.

Genome editing

  1. Auer TO, Del Bene F. CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN-mediated knock-in approaches in zebrafish. Methods. 2014 Apr 1. pii: S1046-2023(14)00129-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.03.027. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24704174.
  2. Zhou Y, Zhu S, Cai C, Yuan P, Li C, Huang Y, Wei W. High-throughput screening
    of a CRISPR/Cas9 library for functional genomics in human cells. Nature. 2014 Apr
    9. doi: 10.1038/nature13166. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24717434.
  3. Yin H, Xue W, Chen S, Bogorad RL, Benedetti E, Grompe M, Koteliansky V, Sharp
    PA, Jacks T, Anderson DG. Genome editing with Cas9 in adult mice corrects a disease mutation and phenotype. Nat Biotechnol. 2014 Mar 30. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2884. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24681508.

Stem cells

  1. Becker S, Jayaram H, Limb GA. Recent Advances towards the Clinical Application of Stem Cells for Retinal Regeneration. Cells. 2012 Oct 18;1(4):851-73. doi: 10.3390/cells1040851. PubMed PMID: 24710533.
  2. Assawachananont J et al., Transplantation of Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived 3D Retinal Sheets into Retinal Degenerative Mice. Stem Cell Reports. 2014; 2: 662-674.

Retinal degeneration

  1. Wasfy MM, Matsui JI, Miller J, Dowling JE, Perkins BD. myosin 7aa(-/-) mutant zebrafish show mild photoreceptor degeneration and reduced electroretinographic responses. Exp Eye Res. 2014 Apr 1. pii: S0014-4835(14)00083-9. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.03.007. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24698764.

Retinal development

  1. Weber IP, Ramos AP, Strzyz PJ, Leung LC, Young S, Norden C. Mitotic Position and Morphology of Committed Precursor Cells in the Zebrafish Retina Adapt to Architectural Changes upon Tissue Maturation. Cell Rep. 2014 Apr 2. pii: S2211-1247(14)00192-2. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.014. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24703843.
  2. Almeida AD, Boije H, Chow RW, He J, Tham J, Suzuki SC, Harris WA. Spectrum of Fates: a new approach to the study of the developing zebrafish retina. Development. 2014 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24718991.
  3. Yoshimatsu T, Williams PR, D’Orazi FD, Suzuki SC, Fadool JM, Allison WT, Raymond PA, Wong RO. Transmission from the dominant input shapes the stereotypic ratio of photoreceptor inputs onto horizontal cells. Nat Commun. 2014 May 15;5:3699. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4699. PubMed PMID: 24832361.

Development

  1. Bianchi E, Doe B, Goulding D, Wright GJ. Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization. Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):483-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13203. Epub 2014 Apr 16. PubMed PMID: 24739963; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3998876.

Genetics/Synthetic biology

  1. Malyshev DA, Dhami K, Lavergne T, Chen T, Dai N, Foster JM, Corrêa IR Jr, Romesberg FE. A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet. Nature. 2014 May 15;509(7500):385-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13314. Epub 2014 May 7. PubMed PMID: 24805238.
    • Commentary: Thyer R, Ellefson J. Synthetic biology: New letters for life’s alphabet. Nature. 2014 May 15;509(7500):291-2. doi: 10.1038/nature13335. Epub 2014 May 7. PubMed PMID: 24805244.

2014-03-23 New articles we read this week

Genomics

  1. Venter’s New Goal: World’s Largest Sequencing Operation
  2. Clinical Whole Genome Sequencing: Not Quite Ready for Prime Time?

Genetics

  1. Vanderperre B, Lucier JF, Bissonnette C, Motard J, Tremblay G, Vanderperre S, Wisztorski M, Salzet M, Boisvert FM, Roucou X. Direct detection of alternative open reading frames translation products in human significantly expands the proteome. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 12;8(8):e70698. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070698. eCollection 2013. PubMed PMID: 23950983; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3741303.

Stem cells

  1. Acid-bath stem-cell study under investigation.

Genome-editing

  1. Tebas P, Stein D, Tang WW, Frank I, Wang SQ, Lee G, Spratt SK, Surosky RT, Giedlin MA, Nichol G, Holmes MC, Gregory PD, Ando DG, Kalos M, Collman RG, Binder-Scholl G, Plesa G, Hwang WT, Levine BL, June CH. Gene editing of CCR5 in autologous CD4 T cells of persons infected with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 6;370(10):901-10. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1300662. PubMed PMID: 24597865.
    • Editorial commentary: Kay MA, Walker BD. Engineering cellular resistance to HIV. N Engl J Med. 2014
      Mar 6;370(10):968-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe1400593. PubMed PMID: 24597871.
    • News coverage: Editing Genes May Make Cells Resist HIV.

Philosophy

How Academia and Publishing are Destroying Scientific Innovation: A Conversation with Sydney Brenner

Medicine

  1. Flannick J, Thorleifsson G, Beer NL, Jacobs SB, Grarup N, Burtt NP, Mahajan A, Fuchsberger C, Atzmon G, Benediktsson R, Blangero J, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Brosnan J, Burslem F, Chambers J, Cho YS, Christensen C, Douglas DA, Duggirala R, Dymek Z, Farjoun Y, Fennell T, Fontanillas P, Forsén T, Gabriel S, Glaser B, Gudbjartsson DF, Hanis C, Hansen T, Hreidarsson AB, Hveem K, Ingelsson E, Isomaa  B, Johansson S, Jørgensen T, Jørgensen ME, Kathiresan S, Kong A, Kooner J, Kravic J, Laakso M, Lee JY, Lind L, Lindgren CM, Linneberg A, Masson G, Meitinger T, Mohlke KL, Molven A, Morris AP, Potluri S, Rauramaa R, Ribel-Madsen R, Richard AM, Rolph T, Salomaa V, Segrè AV, Skärstrand H, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Sulem P, Tai ES, Teo YY, Teslovich T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Trimmer JK, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Vaziri-Sani F, Voight BF, Wilson JG, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI, Njølstad PR, Pedersen O, Groop L, Cox DR, Stefansson K, Altshuler D. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2014 Mar 2. doi: 10.1038/ng.2915. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24584071.
  2. Mapstone M, Cheema AK, Fiandaca MS, Zhong X, Mhyre TR, Macarthur LH, Hall WJ, Fisher SG, Peterson DR, Haley JM, Nazar MD, Rich SA, Berlau DJ, Peltz CB, Tan MT, Kawas CH, Federoff HJ. Plasma phospholipids identify antecedent memory impairment in older adults. Nat Med. 2014 Mar 9. doi: 10.1038/nm.3466. [Epub ahead of print]
    PubMed PMID: 24608097.

Imaging

  1. Foldscope: Origami-based paper microscope

Zebrafish

  1. Cressey D. Fish-kill method questioned. Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):419-20. doi: 10.1038/506419a. PubMed PMID: 24572404.

 

Eye disease

  1. Fernandez de Castro J, Scott PA, Fransen JW, Demas J, Demarco PJ, Kaplan HJ, McCall MA. Cone Photoreceptors Develop Normally in the Absence of Functional Rod Photoreceptors in a Transgenic Swine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Mar 11. pii: iovs.13-13724v1. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-13724. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24618325.

Vision

  1. Partridge JC, Douglas RH, Marshall NJ, Chung WS, Jordan TM, Wagner HJ. Reflecting optics in the diverticular eye of a deep-sea barreleye fish (Rhynchohyalus natalensis). Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Mar 19;281(1782):20133223. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3223. Print 2014. PubMed PMID: 24648222.

Evolution

  1. Gassmann AJ, Petzold-Maxwell JL, Clifton EH, Dunbar MW, Hoffmann AM, Ingber DA, Keweshan RS. Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24639498.

Neuroscience

  1. Bushdid C, Magnasco MO, Vosshall LB, Keller A. Humans can discriminate more than 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1370-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1249168. PubMed PMID: 24653035.

A collection of videos for discussion of ethical and social issues in human embryonic stem cells research

This is a collection of the videos that I used in lab discussion section of the ethical issues in human embryonic stem cells research in the 2014 BIOL36701 Principles Development at Purdue University.

1. An introduction to stem cell – A stem cell story

2. Are embryos persons?

3. A question of balance?

4. How patients may be exploited – Stem cell fraud

5. hESCs alternative I – Stem cells – the future: an introduction to iPS cells

6. hESCs alternative II – STAP cells

2012-02-26 New articles we read this week

Genome editing

  1. Kim JM, Kim D, Kim S, Kim JS. Genotyping with CRISPR-Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases. Nat Commun. 2014 Jan 20;5:3157. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4157. PubMed PMID: 24445736.
  2. Bae S, Park J, Kim JS. Cas-OFFinder: A fast and versatile algorithm that searches for potential off-target sites of Cas9 RNA-guided endonucleases. Bioinformatics. 2014 Jan 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24463181.
  3. Fu Y, Sander JD, Reyon D, Cascio VM, Joung JK. Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs. Nat Biotechnol. 2014 Jan 26. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2808. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24463574.
  4. Jinek M, Jiang F, Taylor DW, Sternberg SH, Kaya E, Ma E, Anders C, Hauer M, Zhou K, Lin S, Kaplan M, Iavarone AT, Charpentier E, Nogales E, Doudna JA. Structures of Cas9 Endonucleases Reveal RNA-Mediated Conformational Activation.
    Science. 2014 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24505130.
  5. Sternberg SH, Redding S, Jinek M, Greene EC, Doudna JA. DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9. Nature. 2014 Jan 29. doi: 10.1038/nature13011. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24476820.
  6. Nishimasu H, Ran FA, Hsu PD, Konermann S, Shehata SI, Dohmae N, Ishitani R, Zhang F, Nureki O. Crystal Structure of Cas9 in Complex with Guide RNA and Target DNA. Cell. 2014 Feb 12. pii: S0092-8674(14)00156-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.001. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24529477.
  7. Niu Y, Shen B, Cui Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang L, Kang Y, Zhao X, Si W, Li W, Xiang AP, Zhou J, Guo X, Bi Y, Si C, Hu B, Dong G, Wang H, Zhou Z, Li T, Tan T, Pu X, Wang F, Ji S, Zhou Q, Huang X, Ji W, Sha J. Generation of Gene-Modified Cynomolgus Monkey via Cas9/RNA-Mediated Gene Targeting in One-Cell Embryos. Cell. 2014 Jan 30;. [Epub ahead of print]
  8. Hai T, Teng F, Guo R, Li W, Zhou Q. One-step generation of knockout pigs by zygote injection of CRISPR/Cas system. Cell Res. 2014 Jan 31;. [Epub ahead of print]
  9. Heigwer F, Kerr G, Boutros M. E-CRISP: fast CRISPR target site identification. Nat Methods. 2014 Jan 30;11(2):122-3.
  10. Nakagawa Y, Yamamoto T, Suzuki K, Araki K, Takeda N, Ohmuraya M, Sakuma T. Screening Methods to Identify TALEN-Mediated Knockout Mice. Exp Anim. 2014;63(1):79-84. PubMed PMID: 24521866.

Development

  1. Simões-Costa M, Tan-Cabugao J, Antoshechkin I, Sauka-Spengler T, Bronner ME. Transcriptome analysis reveals novel players in the cranial neural crest gene regulatory network. Genome Res. 2014 Jan 3. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24389048.
  2. Umulis DM, Othmer HG. Mechanisms of scaling in pattern formation. Development. 2013 Dec;140(24):4830-43. doi: 10.1242/dev.100511. Review. PubMed PMID: 24301464; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3848184.
  3. Pauli A, Norris ML, Valen E, Chew GL, Gagnon JA, Zimmerman S, Mitchell A, Ma J, Dubrulle J, Reyon D, Tsai SQ, Joung JK, Saghatelian A, Schier AF. Toddler: An Embryonic Signal That Promotes Cell Movement via Apelin Receptors. Science. 2014 Jan 9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24407481.
  4. Dias AS, de Almeida I, Belmonte JM, Glazier JA, Stern CD. Somites without a clock. Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):791-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1247575. Epub 2014 Jan 9. PubMed PMID: 24407478.
    • Kondo S. Developmental biology. Self-organizing somites. Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):736-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250245. PubMed PMID: 24531958.

Genomics

  1. Zhang Y, Vastenhouw NL, Feng J, Fu K, Wang C, Ge Y, Pauli A, van Hummelen P, Schier AF, Liu XS. Canonical nucleosome organization at promoters forms during genome activation. Genome Res. 2014 Jan 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:
    24285721.

Retinal degeneration/regeneration

  1. Sherpa T, Lankford T, McGinn TE, Hunter SS, Frey RA, Sun C, Ryan M, Robison BD, Stenkamp DL. Retinal regeneration is facilitated by the presence of surviving neurons. Dev Neurobiol. 2014 Feb 1. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22167. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24488694.
  2. Cruz NM, Yuan Y, Leehy BD, Baid R, Kompella U, Deangelis MM, Escher P, Haider NB. Modifier genes as therapeutics: the nuclear hormone receptor rev erb alpha (nr1d1) rescues nr2e3 associated retinal disease. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e87942.

Zebrafish

  1. Mueller KP, Neuhauss SC. Sunscreen for Fish: Co-Option of UV Light Protection for Camouflage. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 29;9(1):e87372. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087372. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24489905.

Stem cells

  1. Stress-Induced Stem Cell Method Questioned